Which compromise established a bicameral Congress with representation by population in the House and equal representation in the Senate?

• A. Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)
• B. Three-Fifths Compromise
• C. Preamble to the Constitution
• D. Checks and balances

Answer: (A)

The question tests how a new national legislature would be organized and how states would be represented in each chamber. The Great Compromise created a bicameral Congress with two different methods of representation: representation by population in the House of Representatives to reflect the size of each state, and equal representation in the Senate with two senators per state to protect smaller states. This blend resolved the conflict between larger and smaller states at the Constitutional Convention, drawing on elements of both the Virginia Plan (proportional House) and the New Jersey Plan (equal Senate). The other options refer to different provisions: the Three-Fifths Compromise dealt with counting enslaved people for representation, the Preamble is just the introduction to the Constitution, and checks and balances describe how the branches of government limit each other rather than how Congress is structured.